Origins of the Internet

Today computers are part of everyday life for many people in the developed world. Internet search engines are advertised on television. Over half the households in the UK have a Personal Computer (PC). The growth of Internet banking is said to be one of the reasons for the closure of bank branches in many villages and small towns. From our 21st Century perspective, it is difficult to envisage a world without computers. But the first computers were being built during and following the second world war, and the first PCs only appeared in the 1980s. The Internet was developed in the 1960s and 70s and the World Wide Web only came into being in the early 1990s.

The history of the Internet is very much a history of our time. It is the story of men (and yes it was men) with vision and imagination to push the boundaries of knowledge further and see what could be achieved. Many of the men in this story were very young men. Postgraduate students who were encouraged to dream impossible dreams by their professors. Young men who did not know until later that their professors were allowing them to explore ideas they did not understand themselves.

This is an exciting story of courage and adventure. It is almost unbelievable that something as important to all our lives as the Internet could have grown from such unpromising beginnings. It is also a story of people and personalities - some of which will be written large in the annals of the history of technology.

You are going to learn about the history of the Internet from the Internet itself. But first some facts and figures.

  • ARPANET - the precursor to the Internet was built in the late 1960s. It was financed by the United States defence agency to support University research facilties.
  • USENET - was the first real Internet application and continues today. It provided a means of communication between academic researchers. Today there are over 40,000 newsgroups and more being formed almost daily.
  • EMAIL - was another early Internet application which gained early popular appeal.
  • HTML - the coding language used to write web pages was invented in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee, an Englishman working at CERN in Switzerland
  • MOSAIC was the first graphical web-browser in 1992. Microsoft developed Internet Explorer in 1994 and the further development of Internet Explorer and Netscape has led to today's multimedia, graphical browsers and the Internet as we know it
  • THE INTERNET is not owned by anybody and can be used by all.
  • THE WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM sets web standards

Want to know more?

Take a look at the following websites. The first two are provided as background to two recent publications on the history of the Internet. The third has been produced by someone fascinated by that history.

  • http://www.briefhistory.com - this site accompanies a very recent book describing the origins of the Internet. Visit all the links, but pay particular attention to the Questions and Answers section.
  • http://www.simonsays.com/titles/0684812010/index.html - this site has a more American feel to it. The book it supports was written a few years ago and the web-site serves the purpose of keeping the book up-to-date.
  • http://www.livinginternet.com/ - this site is not untypical. One of the good things about the Internet is that anybody can publish anything. Although this can lead to some unhelpful and undesirable materials, it also means there is a wealth of information such as could not be found in the best of libraries.